Development of Fused Deposition Modeling of Multiple Materials (FD3M) Through Dynamic Coaxial Extrusion.

Multimaterial additive manufacturing is expanding the design space realizable with 3D printing, yet is largely constrained to sequential deposition of each individual material. The ability to coextrude two materials and change the ratio of materials while printing would enable custom-tailored polymer composites. Here, the evolution of a dynamic material coextrusion process for additive manufacturing capable of printing any ratio between and including two neat input materials is described across 3 hot-end generations and 14 implemented design iterations.

Crohn's Disease after Proctocolectomy and IPAA for Ulcerative Colitis.

Background: Proctocolectomy with IPAA is considered curative for ulcerative colitis. However, signs of Crohn's disease can develop postoperatively in some cases.

Objective: Our aim was to document the postoperative diagnosis of Crohn's disease, to identify potential preoperative predictive factors, and to review the evolution of patients on treatment.

Biologics in inflammatory bowel disease: what are the data?

Background: Over the last decade, biologics have gained an important place for the treatment of moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and many randomized control trials have evaluated their efficacy.

Aim: The goal of this review is to analyze the results of these trials and to highlight the evidence and indications emerging from these studies for their implementation in the management of IBD patients.

Methods: A PubMed search was realized to screen high-quality clinical trials studying biologic agents currently available in clinics for the treatment of IBD.

Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Are Unaware of the Impact of Smoking on Their Disease.

Backgound: Tobacco is one of the most significant risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Goals: The main objective was to assess the knowledge of patients with IBD regarding the effects of tobacco on their disease. Secondary objectives were to determine the source of their knowledge, the influence of their knowledge on their intent to quit smoking, and the association between patients' characteristics and their knowledge.

CD47 fusion protein targets CD172a+ cells in Crohn's disease and dampens the production of IL-1β and TNF.

In mice, the transfer of CD172a(+) (SIRP-α) dendritic cells (DCs) elicits T cell-driven colitis, whereas treatment with CD47-Fc protein, a CD172a-binding agent, confers protection. The aim of this study was to elucidate the nature and functional properties of human CD172a(+) DCs in chronic intestinal inflammation. Here, we show that CD172a(+)CD11c(+) cells accumulate in the mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) and inflamed intestinal mucosa in patients with Crohn's disease (CD).