An Uncommon Cause of Testicular Infarct: A Case Report and Review of the Literature of Testicular Infarcts From Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair.

Background: Testicular ischemia requires timely diagnosis and definitive management to avoid serious consequences such as orchiectomy. It is almost always caused by testicular torsion; however, there are other causes to be aware of.

Case Report: A 32-year-old man developed testicular ischemia following a laparoscopic robotic-assisted inguinal hernia repair with preperitoneal mesh.

Photosynthetic innovation broadens the niche within a single species.

Adaptation to changing environments often requires novel traits, but how such traits directly affect the ecological niche remains poorly understood. Multiple plant lineages have evolved C4 photosynthesis, a combination of anatomical and biochemical novelties predicted to increase productivity in warm and arid conditions. Here, we infer the dispersal history across geographical and environmental space in the only known species with both C4 and non-C4 genotypes, the grass Alloteropsis semialata.

Chromosome behavior at the base of the angiosperm radiation: karyology of Trithuria submersa (Hydatellaceae, Nymphaeales).

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Premise Of The Study: Hydatellaceae are minute annual herbs with potential as a model system for studying early angiosperm evolution, but their karyology and ploidy levels are almost unknown. We investigated these aspects of Trithuria submersa, a widespread species that we show to be amenable to extended vegetative propagation.•

Methods: We cultivated plants of T.

Gamete formation via meiotic nuclear restitution generates fertile amphiploid F1 (oat×maize) plants.

Hybrid (oat×maize) zygotes developed into euhaploid plants with complete oat chromosome complements without maize chromosomes and into aneuhaploid plants with complete oat chromosome complements and different numbers of retained individual maize chromosomes. The elimination of maize chromosomes in the hybrid embryo is caused by uniparental genome loss during early steps of embryogenesis. Some of these haploid plants set seed in up to 50% of their self-pollinated spikelets.

Speciation with gene flow on Lord Howe Island.

Understanding the processes underlying the origin of species is a fundamental goal of biology. It is widely accepted that speciation requires an interruption of gene flow between populations: ongoing gene exchange is considered a major hindrance to population divergence and, ultimately, to the evolution of new species. Where a geographic barrier to reproductive isolation is lacking, a biological mechanism for speciation is required to counterbalance the homogenizing effect of gene flow.