Clinical experience with pemigatinib for previously treated metastatic cholangiocarcinoma: practical considerations from clinical cases.

The management of advanced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is challenging. In patients with advanced CCA, gemcitabine/cisplatin combination is the standard frontline chemotherapy, with 5-fluorouracil-based regimens preserved for subsequent lines; however, the expected survival is poor. Pemigatinib was approved for locally advanced or metastatic CCA with fusions or rearrangement.

The influence of alcohol on genioglossus single motor units in men and women during wakefulness.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? How does alcohol intake, which worsens obstructive sleep apnoea, alter motor control of the genioglossus muscle, an upper airway dilator, in healthy awake human volunteers, and does alcohol alter genioglossus muscle afterdischarge? What is the main finding and its importance? Alcohol consumption had a very minor effect on the activity of the genioglossus in healthy young individuals studied during wakefulness and did not alter afterdischarge, leaving open the possibility that alcohol worsens obstructive sleep apnoea via other mechanisms.

Abstract: Alcohol worsens obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). This effect is thought to be due to alcohol's depressant effect on upper airway dilator muscles such as the genioglossus, but how alcohol reduces genioglossal activity is unknown.

A dynamic microsimulation model for epidemics.

A large evidence base demonstrates that the outcomes of COVID-19 and national and local interventions are not distributed equally across different communities. The need to inform policies and mitigation measures aimed at reducing the spread of COVID-19 highlights the need to understand the complex links between our daily activities and COVID-19 transmission that reflect the characteristics of British society. As a result of a partnership between academic and private sector researchers, we introduce a novel data driven modelling framework together with a computationally efficient approach to running complex simulation models of this type.