Effect of HIV Status and Charlson Comorbidity Index on COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes in a Case-Control Study.

Objectives: During the course of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, numerous comorbidities were identified as risk factors for increased morbidity and mortality. Few studies have examined human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and COVID-19 co-infection and the impact of HIV on COVID-19 outcomes. In this study, we compared outcomes of people living with HIV with COVID-19 with a control group to examine outcomes.

A Patient With Alcoholic Ketoacidosis and Profound Lactemia.

Background: Alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) is a complex syndrome that results from disrupted metabolism in the setting of excessive alcohol use and poor oral intake. Dehydration, glycogen depletion, high redox state, and release of stress hormones are the primary factors producing the characteristic anion gap metabolic acidosis with an elevated β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OH) and lactate.

Case Report: We present the case of a 47-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with metabolic acidosis and profoundly elevated lactate levels who had AKA.

Estrogen and oxidative stress: A novel mechanism that may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease in women.

Although early studies demonstrated that exogenous estrogen lowered a woman's risk of cardiovascular disease, recent trials indicate that HRT actually increases the risk of coronary heart disease or stroke. However, there is no clear explanation for this discrepancy. Is estrogen a helpful or a harmful hormone in terms of cardiovascular function? This review discusses some recent findings that propose a novel mechanism which may shed significant light upon this controversy.

Attenuation of inflammation and expansive remodeling by Valsartan alone or in combination with Simvastatin in high-risk coronary atherosclerotic plaques.

Aims: We investigated the role of Valsartan (V) alone or in combination with Simvastatin (S) on coronary atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling, and tested the hypothesis that V or V/S attenuate the pro-inflammatory effect of low endothelial shear stress (ESS).

Methods: Twenty-four diabetic, hyperlipidemic swine were allocated into Early (n=12) and Late (n=12) groups. In each group animals were treated with Placebo (n=4), V (n=4) and V/S (n=4) and followed for 8 weeks in the Early group and 30 weeks in the Late group.