Over-the-counter products for insomnia in adults: A scoping review of randomised controlled trials.

Background: Insomnia is highly prevalent and poses significant personal and socio-economic challenges. While the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommendations define possible medical approaches, over-the-counter products are commonly used to self-manage insomnia symptoms. This scoping review aims to determine the size and scope of the evidence-base regarding the effectiveness and safety of over-the-counter products for insomnia symptoms in adults.

Clinical and cost-effectiveness of a home-based health promotion intervention for older people with mild frailty in England: a multicentre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Health promotion for people with mild frailty has the potential to improve health outcomes, but such services are scarce in practice. We developed a personalised, home-based, behaviour change, health promotion intervention (HomeHealth) and assessed its clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in maintaining independent functioning in activities of daily living in older adults with mild frailty.

Methods: This trial was an individual, multicentre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial done in England.

Statistical learning subserves a higher purpose: Novelty detection in an information foraging system.

Statistical learning (SL) is typically assumed to be a core mechanism by which organisms learn covarying structures and recurrent patterns in the environment, with the main purpose of facilitating processing of expected events. Within this theoretical framework, the environment is viewed as relatively stable, and SL "captures" the regularities therein through implicit unsupervised learning by mere exposure. Focusing primarily on language-the domain in which SL theory has been most influential-we review evidence that the environment is far from fixed: It is dynamic, in continual flux, and learners are far from passive absorbers of regularities; they interact with their environments, thereby selecting and even altering the patterns they learn from.

Building a pan-European network to bridge gaps in geriatric medicine education: the PROGRAMMING COST Action 21,122-a call for endorsement.

Background: The growing challenges of population aging create a pressing need for specialized geriatric medicine services to effectively address the complex health needs of older adults and influence supportive healthcare policies. Older patients may present clinical complexity with multimorbidity, disability, and/or frailty, necessitating a shift from the traditional organ-oriented clinical approach to a holistic, patient-centered care model.

Rationale Of The Action: Despite recommendations from the World Health Organization and scientific and professional societies, geriatric medicine is not universally recognized as a distinct specialty in Europe, and education in this field remains heterogeneous.

Access to Ear and Hearing Care Globally: A Survey of Stakeholder Perceptions from the Lancet Commission on Global Hearing Loss.

Objective: Characterize global access to ear and hearing care (EHC) to inform future policy recommendations.

Study Design: Survey using convenience sampling.

Setting: Subjects were surveyed via contact lists of the World Health Organization, Global Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Initiative, and Global HEAR Collaborative.