The individuation of mathematical objects.

Against mathematical platonism, it is sometimes objected that mathematical objects are mysterious. One possible elaboration of this objection is that the individuation of mathematical objects cannot be adequately explained. This suggests that facts about the numerical identity and distinctness of mathematical objects require an explanation, but that their supposed nature precludes us from providing one.

Evidence for a Novel X Chromosome in Termites.

Termites, together with cockroaches, belong to the Blattodea. They possess an XX/XY sex determination system which has evolved from an XX/X0 system present in other Blattodean species, such as cockroaches and wood roaches. Little is currently known about the sex chromosomes of termites, their gene content, or their evolution.

Orbital Inflammatory Manifestations in a Patient With VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 Enzyme, X-Linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic) Syndrome.

An 84-year-old man with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome treated with tocilizumab reported with a 3-day history of left eye pain, conjunctival chemosis and injection, and horizontal binocular diplopia. Examination revealed restriction of left eye ductions in all directions with mild unilateral proptosis. MRI of his brain and orbits demonstrated abnormal enhancement of the left posterior sclera and intraorbital optic nerve sheath, without involvement of the extraocular muscles, cavernous sinus, or optic nerve parenchyma.

Rising mortality among people who inject drugs living with HIV in Scotland, UK: A 20-year retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Our aim was to examine mortality trends in the era of antiretroviral therapy, among people who inject drugs (PWID) who are living with HIV. The study objectives were to assess and quantify mortality among PWID diagnosed with HIV over time in Scotland, in the context of a recent outbreak of HIV and rise in drug-related mortality.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of those diagnosed with HIV in Scotland between January 2000 and February 2020, with acquisition related to injecting drug use, linked to mortality data.