The political economy of a failed drug reform: Insights from Peru's main legal coca valley.

As the world's second largest coca producer, Peru has a flourishing market for coca for non-narcotic uses. With more than 20,000 hectares and approximately 35,000 officially registered farmers in the Peruvian legal scheme for coca cultivation and commercialization, this market is formally under the monopoly of the National Enterprise of Coca (ENACO). Nonetheless, ENACO only captures 2% of all coca produced nationally and has experienced a sustained reduction of farmers' participation and coca purchases within the legal trade.

Chemical inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.

Most chemicals with potential virucidal activity are extremely cytotoxic even at very small concentrations, thus introducing a number of technical problems and uncertainties in the evaluation of the net virucidal effect. In the present study, an attempt was made to confirm the reported virucidal activity of certain well-known chemicals and a number of new compounds were investigated. The results suggest that HIV inactivation is dependent on the viral concentration, the time of incubation in presence of the putative disinfectant and the degree of virucidal activity of the latter.

[Functional harmony of the sonar clicks and whistles in the acoustic emissions of the Amazonian dolphin Sotalis fluviatilis Gervais and Deville].

By analyzing acoustic signals recorded from Sotalia in the Amazon River, its appears that phonation system use the same mechanism to produce click and monochromatic whistling, with a regular evolution between them.

Antagonistic effect of sodium ascorbate on ethanol-induced changes in swimming of mice.

Swimming behavior in the mouse was used to study the motor disturbances induced by alcohol, and the effects of vitamin C upon these disturbances were assessed. High doses of vitamin C (125 and 500 mg/kg) prevented any swimming impairment due to ethanol; however, lower doses of vitamin C (62.5 mg/kg) had no significant effect.