Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and ultrastructural analysis of penicillin-producing Penicillium rubens strains.

Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques can perform chemical analyses and acquire high-resolution images of cell samples. For this reason, in this study, semi-thin sections of a single Penicillium rubens cell were analysed by Raman enhanced surface spectroscopy. The spectra showed peaks corresponding to the macromolecules that make up the cellular components.

Vesicular transport and secretion of penicillin G in Penicillium rubens P2-32-T.

The compartmentalization of penicillin G biosynthesis in Penicillium rubens has been extensively studied. However, how this compound is secreted has not been completely elucidated, although its transport could be of the vesicular type. This work was aimed at observing vesicles and penicillin secretion and proposing a hypothetical model for their compartmentalization and secretion.

Latexin expression correlated with mineralization of articular cartilage during progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis in a rat model.

As latexin has been linked with chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation it is possible that this protein may also be involved in the mineralization of cartilage in OA. Therefore, we correlated latexin expression with the mineralization marker, alkaline phosphatase and determined the mineral deposition in the articular cartilage by analyzing the Ca/P ratio and the collagen fibrils pattern, during the progression of post-traumatic OA in a rat model. OA was induced by medial meniscectomy and post-surgery exercise for 5, 10, 20 and 45 days.

Isolation and characterization of exosomes released from mosquito cells infected with dengue virus.

Exosomes are endocytic origin small-membrane vesicles secreted to the extracellular space by most cell types. Exosomes released from virus infected-cells can mediate the cell-to-cell communication to promote or modulate viral transmission. Dengue virus (DENV) is an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes bite to humans.

Myo1g is an active player in maintaining cell stiffness in B-lymphocytes.

B-lymphocytes are migrating cells that specialize in antigen presentation, antibody secretion, and endocytosis; these processes implicate the modulation of plasma membrane elasticity. Cell stiffness is a force generated by the interaction between the actin-cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane, which requires the participation of several proteins. These proteins include class I myosins, which are now considered to play a role in controlling membrane-cytoskeleton interactions.