Vascularized pisiform graft for the treatment of scaphoid nonunion: An anatomical study.

Scaphoid fracture can evolve into scaphoid nonunion leading to wrist arthritis. Vascularized bone flaps used to treat scaphoid nonunion are supplied by delicate, small, or short arteries that are not always reliable. The pisiform bone has never been considered as a possible treatment of scaphoid nonunion since the traditionally harvested pedicle is too short.

Influence of botulinum toxin type A esthetic injections on facial expressions.

Background: Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection remains the leading medical cosmetic procedure worldwide, with a high rate of patient satisfaction. However, it still suffers from patients' fear of being unable to transmit their emotions and of looking frozen from unnatural results.

Aim: This study aimed to determine whether BoNT-A can decrease the intensity of emotions in facial expressions.

The infraorbital artery: Clinical relevance in esthetic medicine and identification of danger zones of the midface.

Background: Over the past decade, cosmetic injections of dermal fillers or fat have become a popular procedure in facial rejuvenation in an overconsuming society. However, complications such as arterial embolism and occlusion can occur even with experienced injectors, especially in high-risks zones namely the glabella, the nasal dorsum or the nasolabial fold. The aim of this study was to define the vascular danger zones of the infraorbital area in order to provide guidelines helping avoid them.

Glomus tumors of the upper limb: Single-center retrospective study of clinical and functional outcomes.

Glomus tumors are rare and benign hamartomas, arising from neuro-myo-arterial proliferation and deriving from mesenchymal origin. As they have a long-term impact on the individual's quality of life, the primary complaint is unbearable pain. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and functional outcomes of their surgical treatment, and to review their clinical, radiological and therapeutic features.