Role of Human Milk Microbiota in Infant Neurodevelopment: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.

Background: Human milk (HM) is recognized as an ideal source of nutrition for newborns; as a result, its multiple bioactive molecules can support the growth of healthy newborns and reduce the risk of mortality and diseases such as asthma, respiratory infections, diabetes (type 1 and 2), and gastrointestinal disorders such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Furthermore, it can reduce the severity of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants. Moreover, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) present in breast milk show an immunomodulatory, prebiotic, and neurodevelopmental effect that supports the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as Life Support in Neonatal Respiratory Failure: A Single-Center Cohort Study and a Systematic Review.

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life support in newborns with severe respiratory failure. Our main objective was to evaluate the mortality of patients and define positive and negative predictive factors of survival.

Methods: We performed a Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE)-conformed retrospective observational study and a systematic review, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).

Clinical predictors for surfactant retreatment in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: the results of a pooled analysis.

Background: The issue of retreatment with surfactant of infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has been poorly investigated. Our aim was to identify possible clinical predictors of the need for multiple doses of surfactant in a large cohort of very preterm infants.

Methods: Data were analyzed from three previous studies on infants born between 25 and 31 weeks of gestation with RDS who were treated with surfactant.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a tool to prevent cerebral desaturation in newborns with bradycardia events: A systematic review.

Objective: Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive tool providing real-time continuous measurement of regional cerebral blood oxygenation and indirect blood flow. The aim of this review is to determine the best evidence to guide the use of NIRS to detect and avoid abnormalities of cerebral perfusion and oxygenation in newborns with bradycardia.

Design: For this systematic review according to PRISMA Statement, we reviewed papers from 2000 to 2023.

related disorders, attempt to better define clinical assessment.

Background: -related disorders are uncommonly reported. The clinical features of the disorders are wide and heterogeneous mainly consisting of undistinctive facial dysmorphism, mild to severe intellectual and speech delay, epileptic seizures, and motor dysfunction. Defects in gene have been identified in cases diagnosed as Pitt-Hopkins-like-syndrome 2 (PTHLS2; OMIM#614325).