Results of the cancer screening feasibility study in China: a multicentered randomized controlled trial of lung and colorectal cancer screening.

Background: To provide an understanding of important aspects of the participant recruitment and data collection, become aware of any potential problems, and obtain necessary information in order to design a large-scale randomized controlled trial (RCT) for lung cancer and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in China.

Methods: This feasibility study was a multicentered, open-label, pilot randomized trial. A total of 2696 participants who were at high risk of lung cancer were recruited from three screening centers and randomly allocated to arm 1 ( = 894), annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) plus a baseline colonoscopy; arm 2 ( = 902), biennial LDCT plus annual fecal immunochemical test (FIT) with OC-Sensor (OC-FIT); and arm 3 ( = 900), annual Insure-FIT plus Septin 9 blood test.

The Evolving Design of NIH-Funded Cardio-Oncology Studies to Address Cancer Treatment-Related Cardiovascular Toxicity.

Cardiovascular (CV) toxicity from cancer therapy is a significant and growing concern. Conventional oncology clinical trial designs focused singularly on cancer treatment efficacy have not provided sufficient information on both CV risk factors and outcomes. Similarly, traditional CV trials evaluating standard interventions typically exclude cancer patients, particularly those actively receiving cancer therapy.

Predictive Value Tools as an Aid in Chemopreventive Agent Development.

Background: Over 25 years, the National Cancer Institute's Division of Cancer Prevention has entered some 800 agents into a chemopreventive agent testing program. Two critical steps involve: 1) in vitro/in vivo morphologic assays and 2) animal tumor assays (incidence/multiplicity reduction). We sought to determine how accurately the earlier-stage (morphologic) assays predict efficacy in the later-stage (animal tumor) assays.

In North America, some ovarian cancers express the oncogenes of preventable human papillomavirus HPV-18.

Some researchers in other regions have recommended human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination to reduce risk of ovarian cancer, but not in North America, where evidence has previously suggested no role for HPV in ovarian cancer. Here we use a large sample of ovarian cancer transcriptomes (RNA-Seq) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to address whether HPV is involved with ovarian cancer in North America. We estimate that a known high-risk type of HPV (type 18) is present and active in 1.

Results of the two incidence screenings in the National Lung Screening Trial.

Background: The National Lung Screening Trial was conducted to determine whether three annual screenings (rounds T0, T1, and T2) with low-dose helical computed tomography (CT), as compared with chest radiography, could reduce mortality from lung cancer. We present detailed findings from the first two incidence screenings (rounds T1 and T2).

Methods: We evaluated the rate of adherence of the participants to the screening protocol, the results of screening and downstream diagnostic tests, features of the lung-cancer cases, and first-line treatments, and we estimated the performance characteristics of both screening methods.