Experimental and theoretical examination and development of methods to calculate required pull force in wire drawing.

Wire drawing is one of the oldest and most common cold metal forming processes. Wire is drawn through a single die or a set of conical dies to make it longer and stronger. In the drawing die there are three geometrical parameters that affect the drawing force: die diameter, die angle and bearing length.

A Complex Impact of Systemically Administered 5-HT2A Receptor Ligands on Conditioned Fear.

Background: Though drugs binding to serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors have long been claimed to influence human anxiety, it remains unclear if this receptor subtype is best described as anxiety promoting or anxiety dampening. Whereas conditioned fear expressed as freezing in rats is modified by application of 5-HT2A-acting drugs locally into different brain regions, reports on the effect of systemic administration of 5-HT2A receptor agonists and 5-HT2A antagonists or inverse agonists on this behavior remain sparse.

Methods: We assessed the possible impact of systemic administration of 5-HT2A receptor agonists, 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonists, and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-per se or in combination-on the freezing displayed by male rats when re-exposed to a conditioning chamber in which they received foot shocks 7 days earlier.

Serotonin depletion reduces both acquisition and expression of context-conditioned fear.

Objective: Whereas numerous experimental and clinical studies suggest a complex involvement of serotonin in the regulation of anxiety, it remains to be clarified if the dominating impact of this transmitter is best described as anxiety-reducing or anxiety-promoting. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of serotonin depletion on acquisition, consolidation, and expression of conditioned fear.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to foot shocks as unconditioned stimulus and assessed with respect to freezing behaviour when re-subjected to context.

A stochastic analysis for a triple delayed SIQR epidemic model with vaccination and elimination strategies.

In this paper, a delayed SIQR epidemic model with vaccination and elimination hybrid strategies is analysed under a white noise perturbation. We prove the existence and the uniqueness of a positive solution. Afterwards, we establish a stochastic threshold in order to study the extinction and persistence in mean of the stochastic epidemic system.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibition increases noise burst-induced unconditioned and context-conditioned freezing.

Objective: Whereas long-term administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is effective for the treatment of anxiety disorders, acute administration of these drugs may exert a paradoxical anxiogenic effect. The aim of the present study was to explore the possible effect of an SSRI in situations of unconditioned or limited conditioned fear.

Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were administered a single dose of an SSRI, escitalopram, before acquisition or expression of context conditioned fear, where noise bursts were used as the unconditioned stimulus.