Localized Boron Sites in Large Pore Borosilicate Zeolite EMM-59 Determined by Electron Crystallography.

The structure of novel large pore borosilicate zeolite EMM-59 (|CHN|[BSiO]) with localized framework boron sites was determined by using three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging. EMM-59 was synthesized using 2,2-(cyclopentane-1,1-diyl)bis(,-diethyl--methylethan-1-aminium) as an organic structure-directing agent (OSDA). The framework has a three-dimensional intersecting channel system delimited by 12 × 10 × 10-ring openings and contains 28 T and 60 oxygen atoms in the asymmetric unit, making it the most complex monoclinic zeolite.

Aluminosilicate Zeolite EMM-28 Containing Supercavities Determined by Continuous Rotation Electron Diffraction.

A new aluminosilicate zeolite, denoted EMM-28, has been successfully synthesized on a large scale using 1,1-(3,3-(1,3-phenylene)bis(propane-3,1-diyl))bis(1-methylpyrrolidinium) hydroxide as an organic structure directing agent (OSDA), which was scaled up to an ∼20 g scale with a yield of 77%. It crystallizes as thin plates (40-100 nm in thickness), and the corresponding powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern shows significant peak broadening which makes it insufficient for structure determination. Continuous rotation electron diffraction (cRED) data collected from 13 crystals were successfully used to solve and refine the structure of EMM-28.

Examining Phenotypic Traits Contributing to the Spread in Northern European Potato Crops of EU_41_A2, a New Clonal Lineage of .

Until recently, genotypes of were regionally distributed in Europe, with populations in western Europe being dominated by clonal lineages and those in northern Europe being genetically diverse because of frequent sexual reproduction. However, since 2013 a new clonal lineage (EU_41_A2) has successfully established itself and expanded in the sexually recombining populations of northern Europe. The objective of this study was to study phenotypic traits of the new clonal lineage of , which may explain its successful establishment and expansion within sexually recombining populations.

Functional Transcomplementation between Wheat Dwarf Virus Strains in Wheat and Barley.

Wheat dwarf virus, transmitted by the leafhopper in a persistent, non-propagative manner, infects numerous species from the family. Data associated with wheat dwarf virus (WDV) suggest that some isolates preferentially infect wheat while other preferentially infect barley. This allowed to define the wheat strain and the barley strain.

Exploring the causes of small effective population sizes in cyst nematodes using artificial Globodera pallida populations.

The effective size of a population is the size of an ideal population which would undergo genetic drift at the same rate as the real population. The balance between selection and genetic drift depends on the effective population size ( N), rather than the real numbers of individuals in the population ( N). The objectives of the present study were to estimate N in the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida and to explore the causes of a low N/ N ratio in cyst nematodes using artificial populations.