CCK-expressing neurons in the NTS are directly activated by CCK-sensitive C-type vagal afferents.

Vagal sensory afferents carrying information from the gastrointestinal tract (GI) terminate in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Different subpopulations of NTS neurons then relay this information throughout the brain. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a satiety peptide that activates vagal afferents in the GI.

CCK-sensitive C fibers activate NTS leptin receptor-expressing neurons via NMDA receptors.

The hormone leptin reduces food intake through actions in the peripheral and central nervous systems, including in the hindbrain nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). The NTS receives viscerosensory information via vagal afferents, including information from the gastrointestinal tract, which is then relayed to other central nervous system (CNS) sites critical for control of food intake. Leptin receptors (lepRs) are expressed by a subpopulation of NTS neurons, and knockdown of these receptors increases both food intake and body weight.

First Measurement of the Nuclear-Recoil Ionization Yield in Silicon at 100 eV.

We measured the nuclear-recoil ionization yield in silicon with a cryogenic phonon-sensitive gram-scale detector. Neutrons from a monoenergetic beam scatter off of the silicon nuclei at angles corresponding to energy depositions from 4 keV down to 100 eV, the lowest energy probed so far. The results show no sign of an ionization production threshold above 100 eV.

Conservative Management of Kienbock's Disease in a 7-year Old: A Case Report.

 Kienbock's disease is primarily seen in young adult males but has been recognized in skeletally immature populations as well. Traditional treatment strategies recommend operative treatment but high remodeling potential in children may allow conservative management.  We present the case of a 7-year-old female with 2 months of atraumatic right wrist pain who was found to have edematous signal change within the lunate on wrist magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) consistent with Kienbock's disease.