Distribution of Typhula spp. and Typhula ishikariensis Varieties in Wisconsin, Utah, Michigan, and Minnesota.

ABSTRACT Snow molds are psychrophilic fungi that grow under snow cover by taking advantage of carbohydrate-depleted, dormant plants. Typhula snow molds caused by Typhula incarnata, T. phacorrhiza, and T.

Variation in Bentgrass Susceptibility to Typhula incarnata and in Isolate Aggressiveness Under Controlled Environment Conditions.

Typhula incarnata, the causal agent of gray snow mold, is an important winter pathogen of turfgrasses in the northern United States. The relative susceptibility of cultivars of three bent-grass species (creeping, colonial, and velvet bentgrass) to Typhula incarnata and the aggressiveness of 15 T. incarnata isolates obtained from infected turfgrasses on golf courses in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin were evaluated under controlled conditions.

Self-efficacy and competence in independent living among oldest old persons.

It was hypothesized that self-efficacy would add significantly to health as a predictor of competence in independent living among oldest old persons. Sixty-seven participants aged 85 and older (15% males, 85% females) were administered measures of health, self-efficacy, psychosocial competence, and competence in activities of daily living (ADL). Self-efficacy contributed, beyond the effects of health, to the prediction of psychosocial competence, but not to competence in ADL.