Donor Strand Complementation and Calcium Ion Coordination Drive the Chaperone-free Polymerization of Archaeal Cannulae.

Cannulae are tubular protein filaments that accumulate on the extracellular surface of the hyperthermophilic archaeon during cell division. Cannulae have been postulated to act as a primitive extracellular matrix through which cells could communicate or exchange material, although their native biological function remains obscure. Here, we report cryoEM structural analyses of cannulae and of protein assemblies derived from recombinant cannula-like proteins.

"Y" Configuration of the Arterial Pedicle or the Use of a Saphenous Vein Graft for Microsurgical Reconstruction in the Old and Diseased-A Retrospective Study.

Non-healing soft tissue defects pose challenges to treating physicians. Microsurgical reconstruction is a treatment option for achieving wound closure and limb salvage. These free tissue transfers are often challenging due to associated risk factors.

In Situ Raman Spectroscopy for Early Corrosion Detection in Coated AA2024-T3.

Here we describe the synthesis and evaluation of a molecular corrosion sensor that can be applied in situ in aerospace coatings, then used to detect corrosion after the coating has been applied. A pH-sensitive molecule, 4-mercaptopyridin (4-MP), is attached to a gold nanoparticle to allow surface-enhanced Raman-scattering (SERS) for signal amplification. These SERS nanoparticles, when combined with an appropriate micron-sized carrier system, are incorporated directly into an MIL-SPEC coating and used to monitor the process onset and progression of corrosion using pH changes occurring at the metal-coating interface.

A shared serial order system for verbal working memory and language production: evidence from aphasia.

Many aspects of human performance require producing sequences of items in serial order. The current study takes a multiple-case approach to investigate whether the system responsible for serial order is shared across cognitive domains, focusing on working memory (WM) and word production. Serial order performance in three individuals with post-stroke language and verbal WM disorders (hereafter persons with aphasia, PWAs) were assessed using recognition and recall tasks for verbal and visuospatial WM, as well as error analyses in spoken and written production tasks to assess whether there was a tendency to produce the correct phonemes/letters in the wrong order.

Measuring trends in extinction risk: a review of two decades of development and application of the Red List Index.

The Red List Index (RLI) is an indicator of the average extinction risk of groups of species and reflects trends in this through time. It is calculated from the number of species in each category on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, with trends influenced by the number moving between categories when reassessed owing to genuine improvement or deterioration in status. The global RLI is aggregated across multiple taxonomic groups and can be disaggregated to show trends for subsets of species (e.