Decomposition is essential to carbon, nutrient, and energy cycling among and within ecosystems. Several methods have been proposed for studying litter decomposition by using a standardized and commercially available substrate. One of these methods is the Tea Bag Index (TBI) which uses tea bags (green and rooibos tea) incubated for ~90 days.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMacrophytes are an important part of freshwater ecosystems and they have direct and indirect roles in keeping the water clear and providing structure and habitats for other aquatic organisms. Currently, climate change is posing a major threat to macrophyte communities by altering the many drivers that determine macrophyte abundance and composition. We synthesise current literature to examine the direct effects of climate change (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: This article describes the adaptation, development, and psychometric properties of survey instruments to assess outcomes of bystander-focused violence prevention efforts among high school students, including media literacy, rape myths, bystander readiness, bystander barriers and facilitators of bystander action, bystander intentions, perceptions of school personnel helping, perceptions of peer helping, and victim empathy.
Method: The study was based on data collected from 3,172 high school students across 25 schools in northern New England.
Results: Overall, the measures demonstrated acceptable fit indices in multilevel exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.
Background: Massive hemorrhage usually results in rapid need of blood products. Patients in need of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) might benefit from shorter thawing times using a novel radio wave device. So far, only one study on the prototype has been published.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF