Relationships of mitochondrial DNA mutations and select clinical diagnoses in perinatally HIV- and ART-exposed uninfected children.

The prevalence of pathogenic mutations within mitochondrial (mt) DNA of youth who were perinatally exposed to HIV and ART but remained uninfected (YHEU) were assessed relative to phenotypic clinical indicators of mitochondrial dysfunction (MtD). This was a cross-sectional, nested case-control study. A total of 144 cases met at least one clinical MtD definition and were matched with up to two controls each (n = 287).

First-trimester exposure to newer antiretroviral agents and congenital anomalies in a US cohort.

Objective: To characterize associations of exposure to newer antiretroviral medications in the first trimester with congenital anomalies among infants born to persons with HIV in the United States.

Design: Longitudinal cohort of infants born 2012-2022 to pregnant persons with HIV enrolled in the Surveillance Monitoring for ART Toxicities (SMARTT) study.

Methods: First-trimester exposures to newer antiretrovirals (ARVs) were abstracted from maternal medical records.

Phosphaturia in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Neonates Associated with Maternal Use of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Late Pregnancy.

Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is often used in treating pregnant women living with HIV. Third-trimester TDF exposure is associated with a 12% reduction in bone mineral content in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) neonates. The potential mechanisms underlying this observation are unknown.

Co-designing a telepractice journey map with disability customers and clinicians: Partnering with users to understand challenges from their perspective.

Introduction: Telepractice has the potential to align with the directive to reduce inequalities by United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 10. Telepractice additionally addresses a national digital health strategic plan for accessible digitally enabled models of care. To plan improvements, it is essential to understand the experience of telepractice for people with disability, which may be achieved through an approach such as journey mapping.

Histogram equalization using a selective filter.

Many popular modern image processing software packages implement a naïve form of histogram equalization. This implementation is known to produce histograms that are not truly uniform. While exact histogram equalization techniques exist, these may produce undesirable artifacts in some scenarios.