snRNA-seq stratifies multiple sclerosis patients into distinct white matter glial responses.

Poor understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of clinical and genetic heterogeneity in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) has hindered the search for new effective therapies. To address this gap, we analyzed 632,000 single-nucleus RNA sequencing profiles from 156 brain tissue samples of MS and control donors to examine inter- and intra-donor heterogeneity. We found distinct cell type-specific gene expression changes between MS gray and white matter, highlighting clear pathology differences.

Investigation of adsorption parameters of saxitoxin onto loblolly pine-derived biochar synthesized at various pyrolysis temperature.

This study highlights the use of loblolly pine derived biochar for the removal of harmful algal bloom toxin, Saxitoxin (STX), from water. Biochar samples were prepared at varying pyrolysis temperatures (400, 600 and 800 °C) for 60 min. As pyrolysis temperature increases, enhancement in surface porosity was observed (S = 7.

Comparative effectiveness of interventions for the prevention and treatment of perinatal depression: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Several interventions have been investigated addressing perinatal depression; however, interventions have not been compared using both direct and indirect evidence. This study compared the relative effectiveness of all interventions that prevent depression (objective 1) or treat depression symptoms (objective 2) in perinatal women.

Methods: Eight databases searched from their inception to March 2024.

Computational Mechanisms of Information-Seeking in Anxiety.

The drive to seek information through exploratory behavior is widespread in both humans and other animals. This can be adaptive in reducing uncertainty about the best course of action within novel or changing environments. However, exploratory behaviors can also become maladaptive if subjective uncertainty levels remain too high or too low, as may happen in states of elevated anxiety.

What, When, and Why: Viscoelastic Hemostatic Assays and Their Uses in Trauma Resuscitation.

Viscoelastic hemostatic assays (VHAs) have become a valuable tool in guiding transfusion therapy, particularly in trauma care. While various forms of VHA exist, all provide a quantitative assessment of clot kinetics, strength, and dissolution. Studies have demonstrated that VHA can reduce both mortality and utilization of blood products in the general population.