Assessing the impact of messages about reduced nicotine cigar products among people who use little cigar and cigarillo: Insights from a discrete choice experiment.

Introduction: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) pursuit of a low nicotine standard for cigarettes raises concerns that a focus on cigarettes may encourage people to use other combusted tobacco products, undermining the policy's effectiveness.

Correction: The last giants: New evidence for giant Late Triassic (Rhaetian) ichthyosaurs from the UK.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Problematic social media use in 3D? Relationships between traditional social media use, social virtual reality (VR) use, and mental health.

This research expanded on prior work exploring the relationship between social media use, social support, and mental health by including the usage of social virtual reality (VR). In Study 1 (undergraduate students; n = 448) we examined divergent relationships between problematic social media use (e.g.

Effects of Altered Haptic Feedback Gain Upon Balance Are Explained by Sensory Conflict Estimation.

Lightly touching a solid object reduces postural sway. Here, we determine the effect of artificially modifying haptic feedback for balance. Participants stood with their eyes closed, lightly gripping a manipulandum that moved synchronously with body sway to systematically enhance or attenuate feedback gain between +2 and -2, corresponding to motion in the same or opposite direction to the body, respectively.

Advancing Principled Pharmacoepidemiologic Research to Support Regulatory and Healthcare Decision Making: The Era of Real-World Evidence.

A compilation of factors over the past decade-including the availability of increasingly large and rich healthcare datasets, advanced technologies to extract unstructured information from health records and digital sources, advancement of principled study design and analytic methods to emulate clinical trials, and frameworks to support transparent study conduct-has ushered in a new era of real-world evidence (RWE). This review article describes the evolution of the RWE era, including pharmacoepidemiologic methods designed to support causal inferences regarding treatment effects, the role of regulators and other health authorities in establishing distributed real-world data networks enabling analytics at scale, and the many global guidance documents on principled methods of producing RWE. This article also highlights the growing opportunity for RWE to support decision making by regulators, health technology assessment groups, clinicians, patients, and other stakeholders and provides examples of influential RWE studies.