Epidemiology and long-term outcomes of primary congenital glaucoma: a population-based study.

Background/objectives: to establish the incidence, prevalence and long-term outcomes of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) in Northern Ireland's general and Irish Traveller (IT) populations over a 59-year period.

Subjects/methods: chart review of all PCG cases in Northern Ireland between 1962 and 2020. Incidence and prevalence were calculated with the aid of national population statistics.

Digital breast tomosynthesis: sensitivity for cancer in younger symptomatic women.

Objective: Full-field digital mammography (FFDM) has limited sensitivity for cancer in younger women with denser breasts. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) can reduce the risk of cancer being obscured by overlying tissue. The primary study aim was to compare the sensitivity of FFDM, DBT and FFDM-plus-DBT in women under 60 years old with clinical suspicion of breast cancer.

Frequency of Opioid Prescribing for Acute Low Back Pain in a Rural Emergency Department.

National guidelines created by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), and the American College of Physicians (ACP) support the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) over opioids when treating acute low back pain (; ; ). Opioids not only have many more side effects than NSAIDs but also carry the risk of opioid abuse and overdose (). The purpose of this study was to determine whether emergency department (ED) providers, including physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants, are following evidence-based low back pain management guidelines by assessing the measurement of opioid versus NSAID prescribing.

Atypical Horner's syndrome: frequency, features and aetiology in a paediatric population.

Background/objectives: Paediatric Horner's syndrome (HS) may present atypically with incomplete or intermittent clinical features, yet could represent sinister pathology including neuroblastoma. We aim to report the frequency and features with which atypical HS presents in our population (Northern Ireland) and to propose an investigation algorithm to aid diagnosis in these challenging cases.

Subjects/methods: Retrospective chart review of all paediatric anisocoria and HS cases presenting to Belfast, Northern Ireland, between 2012 and 2018, identified through searching our paediatric ophthalmology database.