Large-stream nitrate retention patterns shift during droughts: Seasonal to sub-daily insights from high-frequency data-model fusion.

High-frequency nitrate-N (NO-N) data are increasingly available, while accurate assessments of in-stream NO-N retention in large streams and rivers require a better capture of complex river hydrodynamic conditions. This study demonstrates a fusion framework between high-frequency water quality data and hydrological transport models, that (1) captures river hydraulics and their impacts on solute signal propagation through river hydrodynamic modeling, and (2) infers in-stream retention as the differences between conservatively traced and reactively observed NO-N signals. Using this framework, continuous 15-min estimates of NO-N retention were derived in a 6th-order reach of the lower Bode River (27.

Twitter Communication During an Outbreak of Hepatitis A in San Diego, 2016-2018.

To examine how and what information is communicated via social media during an infectious disease outbreak. In the context of the 2016 through 2018 hepatitis A outbreak in San Diego County, California, we used a grounded theory-based thematic analysis that employed qualitative and quantitative approaches to uncover themes in a sample of public tweets (n = 744) from Twitter, a primary platform used by key stakeholders to communicate to the public during the outbreak. Tweets contained both general and hepatitis A-specific information related to the outbreak, restatements of policy and comments critical of government responses to the outbreak, information with the potential to shape risk perceptions, and expressions of concern regarding individuals experiencing homelessness and their role in spreading hepatitis A.

Primary care management of obesity: Individualized treatment strategies.

Obesity is a growing epidemic in the United States. This article explores the popular diet trends in the country and analyzes their potential for use among patients with comorbid conditions. The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology guidelines for obesity management are used as a framework for comparison of obesity management options.

Sensors in the Stream: The High-Frequency Wave of the Present.

New scientific understanding is catalyzed by novel technologies that enhance measurement precision, resolution or type, and that provide new tools to test and develop theory. Over the last 50 years, technology has transformed the hydrologic sciences by enabling direct measurements of watershed fluxes (evapotranspiration, streamflow) at time scales and spatial extents aligned with variation in physical drivers. High frequency water quality measurements, increasingly obtained by in situ water quality sensors, are extending that transformation.