A Systematic Literature Review on the Burden of Disease for Patients With Moderate to Severe Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background: A vast amount of literature is available on the burden of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Yet, most information on AIS burden does not stratify by stroke severity, and the inclusion of mild strokes (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale < 5) might obscure the true impact of moderate-to-severe AIS. Therefore, it is important to understand the literature as it pertains to the epidemiological, clinical, humanistic, and economic burden of moderate-to-severe AIS from a global perspective.

Socioeconomic correlates of urban mobility trends in two Australian cities during transitional periods of the COVID-19 pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, both government-mandated lockdowns and discretionary changes in behaviour combined to produce dramatic and abrupt changes to human mobility patterns. To understand the socioeconomic determinants of intervention compliance and discretionary behavioural responses to epidemic threats, we investigate whether changes in human mobility showed a systematic variation by socioeconomic status during two distinct periods of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. We analyse mobility data from two major urban centres and compare the trends during mandated stay-at-home policies and after the full relaxation of nonpharmaceutical interventions, which coincided with a large surge of COVID-19 cases.

The challenges of quantifying the effects of housing on health using observational data.

Housing is an often overlooked yet fundamental social determinant of health. Like other social epidemiology exposures, housing faces a tension between the promise of modern causal inference methods and the messy reality of complex social processes and reliance on observational data. We use examples from over a decade of research to illustrate some of the key challenges in undertaking causally focused healthy housing research and demonstrate approaches that have been applied to address these challenges.

How Does the Dose and Type of Exercise Impact Acute Cardiovascular Function in Healthy Individuals?

During aerobic exercise, the cardiovascular system is tasked with delivering oxygen to active skeletal muscle via muscle blood flow while regulating mean arterial blood pressure. The impact of aerobic exercise on acute cardiovascular function may be modulated by the dose and type of exercise. Acutely, dose is the product of exercise intensity and time, whereas exercise type may refer to common aerobic modalities like cycling, running, swimming, or rowing.

The effect of body position on cardiovascular, skeletal muscle and ventilatory responses to submaximal cycling.

The completion of exercise in different body positions can impact the function of various components of the oxygen delivery pathway; however, the effect of the haemodynamic conditions induced by a semi-upright body position on the integrative physiological response to exercise is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of a semi-upright body position on cardiac output (CO), vastus lateralis oxygen saturation ( ), oxygen consumption ( ) and ratings of perceived exertion (Borg RPE) during submaximal cycling. Twenty healthy individuals (22 ± 3 years, 50% female) each completed alternating 5-min bouts of submaximal upright and semi-upright (40° incline) cycling at 50 and 100 W.