X-ray induced electron and ion fragmentation dynamics in IBr.

Characterization of the inner-shell decay processes in molecules containing heavy elements is key to understanding x-ray damage of molecules and materials and for medical applications with Auger-electron-emitting radionuclides. The 1s hole states of heavy atoms can be produced by absorption of tunable x rays and the resulting vacancy decays characterized by recording emitted photons, electrons, and ions. The 1s hole states in heavy elements have large x-ray fluorescence yields that transfer the hole to intermediate electron shells that then decay by sequential Auger-electron transitions that increase the ion's charge state until the final state is reached.

Comparison of bleaching effects when applied to white-spot lesions before or after resin infiltration: An in vitro study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare color alterations (ΔE) of white-spot lesions (WSLs) bleached before versus after resin infiltration (RI).

Methods: Using the facial surfaces of bovine maxillary incisors, WSLs were created and the teeth were allocated into 2 groups (n = 45/group): bleach then RI (B-RI group) and RI then bleach (RI-B group). To determine ΔE, Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L∗ a∗ b∗ (L∗ represents lightness, ranging from black to white [0-100]; a∗ represents green to red chromaticity [-150-+100]; and b∗ represents blue to yellow chromaticity [-100-+150]) measurements were obtained at baseline, after WSL formation, and after RI and bleaching.

Effects of Invisalign (G5) with virtual bite ramps for skeletal deep overbite malocclusion correction in adults.

Objectives: To investigate the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of Invisalign's G5 protocol with virtual bite ramps in the treatment of adults with skeletal deep bites.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on consecutively treated adults presenting with skeletal deep bites as defined by the Overbite Depth Indicator (ODI). Subjects were divided into 2 groups: Invisalign group (n = 24) treated with the Invisalign G5 protocol and a full fixed appliance (FFA) group (n = 24) treated with edgewise FFAs and matched to the Invisalign group by ODI, sex, type of malocclusion, and non-extraction treatment.

Mechanobehavior and mandibular ramus length in different facial phenotypes.

Objectives: To test the hypotheses that mechanobehavior scores (MBS) were correlated with mandibular ramus lengths (Co-Go) and differed between facial phenotypes.

Materials And Methods: Subjects gave informed consent to participate. Co-Go (mm), mandibular plane angles (SN-GoGn, °), and three-dimensional anatomy were derived from cephalometric radiography or cone beam computed tomography.

A study of decompression sickness using recorded depth-time profiles.

Introduction: 122,129 dives by 10,358 recreational divers were recorded by dive computers from 11 manufacturers in an exploratory study of how dive profile, breathing gas (air or nitrox [N2/O2] mixes), repetitive diving, gender, age, and dive site conditions influenced observed decompression sickness (DCSobs). Thirty-eight reports were judged as DCS. Overall DCSobs was 3.