Community treatment orders in the UK 5 years on: a repeat national survey of psychiatrists.

Aims and method Community treatment orders (CTOs) are increasingly embedded into UK practice and their use continues to rise. However, they remain highly controversial. We surveyed psychiatrists to establish their experiences and current opinions of using CTOs and to compare findings with our previous survey conducted in 2010.

Environmental factors influencing older adults' walking for transportation: a study using walk-along interviews.

Background: Current knowledge on the relationship between the physical environment and walking for transportation among older adults (≥ 65 years) is limited. Qualitative research can provide valuable information and inform further research. However, qualitative studies are scarce and fail to include neighborhood outings necessary to study participants' experiences and perceptions while interacting with and interpreting the local social and physical environment.

The effects of short-term treatment with levamisole on cytokines in volunteers and cancer-patients.

In search for clues to the potential immunomodulating mechanism of action of levamisole which might be used as monitoring parameters, we have determined a variety of cytokines in the peripheral blood of volunteers and carcinoma patients before and after a single or a 3-day-treatment with 150 mg/day. In cancer patients no changes could be detected 4 days after a 3-day-treatment course in the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-2 or IL-6. In a placebo-controlled volunteer study the same treatment did not affect the levels of beta2-microglobulin, IL-1beta, IL-1alpha, IL-2 or IL-6.