Menopause, hormone replacement and RR and QT modulation during sleep.

Background And Purpose: Sleep affects the RR interval in electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings and ventricular repolarization differentially in men and women. Compared to men, pre-menopausal women have a more pronounced shortening of RR interval and prolongation of QT and QT corrected (QTc, by Bazett's formula) ECG waves during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The aim of the present study was to evaluate sleep-related RR and QT changes: (1) with the physiological decline in female hormones occurring with menopause, and (2) after hormone replacement therapy with estrogen and progesterone (HRT).

Sleep in menopause: differential effects of two forms of hormone replacement therapy.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate differences between two regimens of estrogen/progestogen replacement therapy on nocturnal sleep in postmenopausal women.

Methods: Twenty-one (21) postmenopausal women were studied. They were randomized into two treatment groups: (1) estrogen (Premarin 0.

Pramipexole in the treatment of restless legs syndrome: a follow-up study.

The restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a condition characterized by unpleasant limb sensations occurring at rest and associated with an irresistible urge to move. Several treatments are used to treat RLS including benzodiazepines, opioids, dopaminergic agents, clonidine and anticonvulsant drugs such as carbamazepine and gabapentine. Dopaminergic agents are now considered the treatment of choice for RLS.

Restless legs syndrome improved by pramipexole: a double-blind randomized trial.

Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is characterized by leg paresthesia associated with an irresistible urge to move. Currently used dopaminergic agents, such as levodopa, pergolide, and bromocriptine, offer incomplete control of sensory and motor symptoms and induce severe side effects.

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of pramipexole, a full D3-receptor agonist, in the treatment of RLS.