Efficacy of sodium oxybate plus disulfiram for the maintenance of alcohol abstinence in treatment-resistant patients with alcohol use disorder: a multicentre retrospective study.

Introduction: Disulfiram (DF), acamprosate, naltrexone, baclofen and sodium oxybate (SO) are currently the medications approved for the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD). In this context, combined pharmacological interventions and sex differences are an interesting area in the treatment of non-responder AUD patients.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of SO in combination with DF in maintaining alcohol abstinence in patients with AUD who failed to achieve abstinence either with SO or DF alone.

Clinical Efficacy of Probiotics for Allergic Rhinitis: Results of an Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial.

Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is an atopic disease affecting the upper airways of predisposed subjects exposed to aeroallergens. This study evaluates the effects of a mix of specific probiotics ( PBS066, LRH020, BB077, and subsp. BLG240) on symptoms and fecal microbiota modulation in subjects with AR.

Use of emergency services in response to a flood: an account of the aftermath of the May 2023 flood in Romagna, Italy.

Background: Extreme weather events due to human activities have significantly increased the frequency and severity of hydrological disasters like floods, impacting human health and healthcare systems worldwide. This study analyses the patterns of emergency service utilisation of the May 2023 flood in Romagna, Italy, and specifically investigates the differences in emergency department (ED) visits and mortality between individuals exposed and not exposed to the flood.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted including 813 724 citizens of Romagna, Italy, from 15 May to 31 August 2023 (ie, 14 weeks after flood inception).

Antibiotic-recalcitrant Salmonella during infection.

Antibiotic-recalcitrant infections, defined as the prolonged carriage of pathogenic bacteria even in the presence of antibiotics, are often caused by bacteria that are genetically susceptible to the drug. These recalcitrant bacteria fail to proliferate in the presence of antibiotics but remain viable such that they may recolonize their niche following antibiotic withdrawal. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of antibiotic-recalcitrant Salmonella, which are thought to be the source of infection relapse.

propofol permeation across nasal mucosa: A proof-of-concept study for outpatient light sedation via nasal route.

Background And Purpose: Aiming to achieve light sedation via intranasal administration, this study showed that propofol (PPF) did not permeate across the rabbit nasal mucosa ex vivo from its marketed emulsion for injection.

Experimental Approach: Dilution of the emulsion with methyl-β-cyclodextrin in saline solution increased propofol solubility in water and diffusion across the nasal epithelium.

Key Results And Conclusion: Despite these positive effects of the cyclodextrin, the amount of PPF permeated was minimal in 3 h, exceeding the formulation residence time in the nose.