Retraction Note: Unexpected events disrupt visuomotor working memory and increase guessing.

The authors are retracting this article (Finzi et al., 2018) because after publication they discovered a mistake in the behavioral analysis.

Unexpected events disrupt visuomotor working memory and increase guessing.

When an unexpected event, such as a car horn honking, occurs in daily life, it often disrupts our train of thought. In the lab, this effect was recently modeled with a task in which verbal working memory (WM) was disrupted by unexpected auditory events (Wessel et al. in Nature Communications, 7, 11195, 2016).

Distinct Motivational Effects of Contingent and Noncontingent Rewards.

When rewards are available, people expend more energy, increasing their motivational vigor. In theory, incentives might drive behavior for two distinct reasons: First, they increase expected reward; second, they increase the difference in subjective value between successful and unsuccessful performance, which increases contingency-the degree to which action determines outcome. Previous studies of motivational vigor have never compared these directly.

Mini tomato genotypes resistant to the silverleaf whitefly and to two-spotted spider mites.

The mini tomato production has expanded, becoming an amazing alternative for enterprise. Despite all commercial potential, the cultivation has the occurrence of pests as main obstacle during the crop development. Nowadays, there are no researches that aimed obtaining genotypes with high acylsugar content, capable of providing a broad-spectrum resistance to pests.