Non-syndromic Hirschsprung's disease as a result of a RET gene variant.

Introduction: Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the colon as a result of disorders in the migration and differentiation of enteric neural crest cells during embryogenesis. It is a cross-factor condition, with more than 11 genes identified in its pathogenesis, including the RET proto-onco gene.

Case Reports: We present the case of two siblings with total colon HD where a potentially pathogenic variant of the RET gene was found.

Proteome changes induced by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis ToxA in both insensitive and sensitive wheat indicate senescence-like signaling.

Background: Pyrenophora tritici-repentis is a phytopathogenic fungus which causes tan spot on wheat. Some races of P. tritici-repentis produce host-specific toxins which present symptoms of chlorosis or necrosis on susceptible wheat cultivars.

Yeast transformation by the LiAc/SS carrier DNA/PEG method.

Efficient transformation of yeast has been the corner stone of molecular studies in yeast for numerous years. It is essential for techniques such as the yeast two-hybrid system as well as genome modification. Here I present protocols for a number of different transformation applications.

Yeast two-hybrid liquid screening.

Yeast two-hybrid (YTH) method consists of a genetic trap that selects for "prey" cDNA products within a library that interact with a "bait" protein of interest. Here, we provide a protocol for YTH screening using a liquid medium screening method, which improves the sensitivity of this technique and streamlines the laborious classic screening in solid medium plates. The method uses a simple series of dilutions with established yeast strains transformed with diverse baits and complex cDNA libraries.

Yeast transformation by the LiAc/SS carrier DNA/PEG method.

Transformation is essential to many molecular and genetic investigations in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast transformation protocols utilizing the LiAc/ssDNA/PEG method are presented. Protocols for various applications are listed including a method for transformation in 96-well microtiter plate format and another for the production of frozen competent yeast cells that can be used at a moment's notice.