Sugar transporter Slc37a2 regulates bone metabolism in mice via a tubular lysosomal network in osteoclasts.

Osteoclasts are giant bone-digesting cells that harbor specialized lysosome-related organelles termed secretory lysosomes (SLs). SLs store cathepsin K and serve as a membrane precursor to the ruffled border, the osteoclast's 'resorptive apparatus'. Yet, the molecular composition and spatiotemporal organization of SLs remains incompletely understood.

Evaluative criteria in practice: Findings from an analysis of evaluations published in Evaluation and Program Planning.

Background: Evaluative criteria represent values about characteristics that define a successful evaluand. Criteria direct evaluators' lines of inquiry, including how aims are framed, which questions are asked, and what conclusions are reached. Yet, criteria often remain unstated, and little is known about criteria employed in practice.

Multifaceted Roles of Retromer in EGFR Trafficking and Signaling Activation.

Mammalian retromer complex contributes to multiple early endosome-associated trafficking pathways whose origins are dependent on which sorting nexin (SNX) they are complexed with. In an attempt to dissect out the contribution of individual retromer-SNX complexes, we examined the trafficking of EGFR in detail within a series of KO cell line models. We demonstrated that the depletion of retromer subunit Vps35 leads to decreased EGFR protein levels in resting cells with enhanced association of EGFR with lysosomal compartments.

Representing the values of program participants: Endogenous evaluative criteria.

Evaluative conclusions are grounded in implicit and explicit criteria that describe a successful or high-quality intervention. Most often, evaluative criteria are drawn from program objectives that reflect the values and priorities of program designers and funders. Yet, an exclusive focus on program goals risks overlooking the values of program participants, the extent to which their actual needs and priorities are addressed, and, in certain types of programs, the choices participants make and agency they exercise.

De novo macrocyclic peptides for inhibiting, stabilizing, and probing the function of the retromer endosomal trafficking complex.

The retromer complex (Vps35-Vps26-Vps29) is essential for endosomal membrane trafficking and signaling. Mutation of the retromer subunit Vps35 causes late-onset Parkinson’s disease, while viral and bacterial pathogens can hijack the complex during cellular infection. To modulate and probe its function, we have created a novel series of macrocyclic peptides that bind retromer with high affinity and specificity.