The Impact of Formal Education, Specialized Training, and Offense Type on Perceptions of Employability: Can Bias Toward Hiring a Person With a Criminal History Be Mitigated?

Though hesitations to hire formerly incarcerated individuals are often related to assumptions about a person's dangerousness, there remain legitimate reasons, such as limited formal education and basic skills, that prevent returning residents from finding work. Previous research suggests that hiring decisions are confounded by offense type, even if an employer would otherwise consider a person with a criminal history. Thus, it is unclear whether returning residents' level of education or training can mitigate barriers related to their offense history.

Art of Pharmacy v. State.

There is a move in the pharmacy/pharmacist profession, a move that is being driven by many factors, and a move that is causing the art of pharmacy to become further and further separated from everyday pharmacy practice. These factors are discussed in this article, including stories, challenges, and solutions. The author has penned this article to try and convince the pharmacists and pharmacist advocates reading this article to immediately take action to reverse this trend before we have traveled too far down our current path.

Mixing In a Compounding Pharmacy in the 21st Century.

When it comes to combining ingredients for topical preparations, compounding pharmacists utilize either the manual methods such as a spatula and pill tile or a mortar and pestle, typically an electronic mortar and pestle. If a topical preparation must be pre-ground or requires trituration, or any level of particle-size reduction, historically the manual method of combining ingredients in such a preparation would include the initial use of a mortar and pestle; however with micronized substances this is not as much a concern today as in the past. There is, of course, the concern of a lack of reproducibility, knowing that each compounder might utilize the equipment differently, would mix for varying times, and would also mix with varying amounts of physical pressure applied to the pestle.

Optical frequency standard for optical fiber communication based on the Rb 5s --> 5d two-photon transition.

We report an optical frequency standard based on the 5s --> 5d two-photon transition in Rb atoms. The frequency of a lambda = 778 nm diode laser was locked to the two-photon transition. Second-harmonic generation and an optical phase-locked loop were used to transfer the frequency stability to lambda = 1.