Current concepts of fourth-generation minimally invasive and open hallux valgus surgery.

Hallux valgus (HV) presents as a common forefoot deformity that causes problems with pain, mobility, footwear, and quality of life. The most common open correction used in the UK is the Scarf and Akin osteotomy, which has good clinical and radiological outcomes and high levels of patient satisfaction when used to treat a varying degrees of deformity. However, there are concerns regarding recurrence rates and long-term outcomes.

Developing novel indoles as antitubercular agents and simulated annealing-based analysis of their binding with MmpL3.

Aim: This research aimed to develop novel indole-2-carboxamides as potential antitubercular agents using rational drug design. It also focused on identifying the critical interactions required for these compounds to exhibit effective antitubercular activity.

Materials And Methods: Novel indole-2-carboxamides targeting MmpL3 were designed based on SAR, synthesized, and tested for their antitubercular and induction properties.

The microbiome is dispensable for normal respiratory function and chemoreflexes in mice.

Increasing evidence indicates an association between microbiome composition and respiratory homeostasis and disease, particularly disordered breathing, such as obstructive sleep apnea. Previous work showing respiratory disruption is limited by the methodology employed to disrupt, eliminate, or remove the microbiome by antibiotic depletion. Our work utilized germ-free mice born without a microbiome and described respiratory alterations.

Momordicine-I suppresses head and neck cancer growth by modulating key metabolic pathways.

One of the hallmarks of cancer is metabolic reprogramming which controls cellular homeostasis and therapy resistance. Here, we investigated the effect of momordicine-I (M-I), a key bioactive compound from Momordica charantia (bitter melon), on metabolic pathways in human head and neck cancer (HNC) cells and a mouse HNC tumorigenicity model. We found that M-I treatment on HNC cells significantly reduced the expression of key glycolytic molecules, SLC2A1 (GLUT-1), HK1, PFKP, PDK3, PKM, and LDHA at the mRNA and protein levels.

Training and education in pharmacovigilance: The experience from the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India.

For a robust Pharmacovigilance system in a country, training of healthcare professionals is of utmost importance. The training is the integral part of continual improvement in any quality management system. The present article describes the different training modules and experience from the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI) and emphasizes that if training and education elements with special reference to pharmacovigilance are implemented for all concerned stakeholders in a healthcare system, the efficiency of deliverables will be improved and objectives of the organization can easily be achieved.