gPKPDSim: a SimBiology-based GUI application for PKPD modeling in drug development.

Modeling and simulation (M&S) is increasingly used in drug development to characterize pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) relationships and support various efforts such as target feasibility assessment, molecule selection, human PK projection, and preclinical and clinical dose and schedule determination. While model development typically require mathematical modeling expertise, model exploration and simulations could in many cases be performed by scientists in various disciplines to support the design, analysis and interpretation of experimental studies. To this end, we have developed a versatile graphical user interface (GUI) application to enable easy use of any model constructed in SimBiology to execute various common PKPD analyses.

False-positive Gen-Probe direct Mycobacterium tuberculosis amplification test results for patients with pulmonary M. kansasii and M. avium infections.

The Gen-Probe Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct (MTD) test has been approved for use in the United States for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with acid-fast smear-positive sputum samples since 1996. Four patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus and one chronic pulmonary-disease patient seen in our institutions with abnormal chest radiographs and fluorochrome stain-positive sputa were evaluated for tuberculosis, including performance of the MTD test on expectorated sputum samples. Three of these five patients' sputa were highly smear-positive (i.

Mathematical model of the lower extremity joint reaction forces using Kane's method of dynamics.

This report describes a new mathematical model for defining the joint reaction forces of the lower extremity using Kane's method of dynamics. Our model utilized average lower extremity joint motion and force/plate data from one healthy female patient during gait. From a cadaver specimen, the anatomical mass centers of the pelvis, femur, tibia, and foot were determined.

Effects of sterilization on wear in total knee arthroplasty.

Twenty-nine Ortholoc II ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene tibial components were retrieved from 27 patients at revision surgery from the same hospital. The polyethylene material grade, method of sterilization, and sterilization dosage for 26 of the tibial components were determined by tracing the material lot number for each component. Each tibial surface was scored for wear using a qualitative scoring system that evaluated delamination, pitting, scratching, cold flow, abrasion, and burnishing.