Maize Streak Virus: Single and Gemini Capsid Architecture.

are ssDNA plant viruses whose control has both economical and agricultural importance. Their capsids assemble into two distinct architectural forms: (i) a T = 1 icosahedral and (ii) a unique twinned quasi-isometric capsid. Described here are the high-resolution structures of both forms of the maize streak virus using cryo-EM.

Physician Assistants in Clinical Endocrinology: Characteristics and Demographics.

Objective: Physician assistants (PAs) are employed in endocrinology, but little is known about their roles and activities. The study aimed to assess PAs' employment characteristics in endocrinology compared to those in all other specialties.

Methods: This descriptive observational study used the 2022 National Commission on Certification of PAs (NCCPA) dataset.

Urology outpatient procedures by physician associates and nurse practitioners.

Object: Physician associates (PAs) and nurse practitioners (NPs) are distributed across 70 medical and surgical specialties. A central role is to provide outpatient care. Urology is a significant employer of PAs and NPs, but their scope of practice in the ambulatory setting needs to be better delineated.

Structural characterization and epitope mapping of the AAVX affinity purification ligand.

The application of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors in human gene therapies requires reproducible and homogeneous preparations for clinical efficacy and safety. For the AAV production process, often scalable affinity chromatography columns are utilized, such as the POROS CaptureSelect AAVX affinity resin, during downstream processing to ensure highly purified AAV vectors. The AAVX ligand is based on a camelid single-domain antibody capturing a wide range of recombinant AAV capsids.

Disruption of the Physical Interaction Between Carbonic Anhydrase IX and the Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 Impacts Lactate Transport in Breast Cancer Cells.

It has been previously established that breast cancer cells exhibit high expression of the monocarboxylate (lactate) transporters (MCT1 and/or MCT4) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) and form a functional metabolon for proton-coupled lactate export, thereby stabilizing intracellular pH. CD147 is the MCT accessory protein that facilitates the creation of the MCT/CAIX complex. This study describes how the small molecule Beta-Galactose 2C (BGal2C) blocks the physical and functional interaction between CAIX and either MCT1 or MCT4 in Xenopus oocytes, which reduces the rate of proton and lactate flux with an IC of ~90 nM.