Multi-centre benchmarking of deep learning models for COVID-19 detection in chest x-rays.

Introduction: This study is a retrospective evaluation of the performance of deep learning models that were developed for the detection of COVID-19 from chest x-rays, undertaken with the goal of assessing the suitability of such systems as clinical decision support tools.

Methods: Models were trained on the National COVID-19 Chest Imaging Database (NCCID), a UK-wide multi-centre dataset from 26 different NHS hospitals and evaluated on independent multi-national clinical datasets. The evaluation considers clinical and technical contributors to model error and potential model bias.

It's a Trap! Part II: An Approachable Guide to Constructing and Using Rotating-Arm Air Samplers.

An increasing number of researchers are looking to understand the factors affecting microbial dispersion but are often limited by the costs of commercially available air samplers. Some have reduced these costs by designing self-made versions; however, there are no published sampler designs, and there is limited information provided on the actual construction process. Lack of appropriate reference material limits the use of these self-made samplers by many researchers.

It's a Trap! Part I: Exploring the Applications of Rotating-Arm Impaction Samplers in Plant Pathology.

Although improved knowledge on the movement of airborne plant pathogens is likely to benefit plant health management, generating this knowledge is often far more complicated than anticipated. This complexity is driven by the dynamic nature of environmental variables, diversity among pathosystems that are targeted, and the unique needs of each research group. When using a rotating-arm impaction sampler, particle collection is dependent on the pathogen, environment, research objectives, and limitations (monetary, environmental, or labor).

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation enhances nucleosome dynamics and organizes DNA damage repair components within biomolecular condensates.

Nucleosomes, the basic structural units of chromatin, hinder recruitment and activity of various DNA repair proteins, necessitating modifications that enhance DNA accessibility. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) of proteins near damage sites is an essential initiation step in several DNA-repair pathways; however, its effects on nucleosome structural dynamics and organization are unclear. Using NMR, cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM), and biochemical assays, we show that PARylation enhances motions of the histone H3 tail and DNA, leaving the configuration of the core intact while also stimulating nuclease digestion and ligation of nicked nucleosomal DNA by LIG3.