Damaging variants in FOXI3 cause microtia and craniofacial microsomia.

Purpose: Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) represents a spectrum of craniofacial malformations, ranging from isolated microtia with or without aural atresia to underdevelopment of the mandible, maxilla, orbit, facial soft tissue, and/or facial nerve. The genetic causes of CFM remain largely unknown.

Methods: We performed genome sequencing and linkage analysis in patients and families with microtia and CFM of unknown genetic etiology.

Comparison of Inlay Cartilage Butterfly and Underlay Temporal Fascia Tympanoplasty.

Objective: To systematically review the results of inlay cartilage butterfly tympanoplasty and standard underlay temporal fascia tympanoplasty for anatomic and functional end points.

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Virtual Health Library (VHL/Lilacs) databases were searched from inception through April 2, 2021. No restrictions on language, publication year, or publication status were applied.

Comparison between endoscopic and microscopic butterfly cartilage graft inlay tympanoplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of endoscopic and microscopic approaches for butterfly cartilage graft inlay tympanoplasty regarding anatomical and hearing outcomes through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: A search of PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Virtual Health Library was performed from inception to July 3rd, 2021, using keywords, such as tympanoplasty, cartilage graft, and inlay technique. Data from articles that met inclusion criteria were extracted by two authors independently.

An ancient founder mutation located between and is responsible for increased microtia risk in Amerindigenous populations.

Microtia is a congenital malformation that encompasses mild hypoplasia to complete loss of the external ear, or pinna. Although the contribution of genetic variation and environmental factors to microtia remains elusive, Amerindigenous populations have the highest reported incidence. Here, using both transmission disequilibrium tests and association studies in microtia trios (parents and affected child) and microtia cohorts enrolled in Latin America, we map an ∼10-kb microtia locus (odds ratio = 4.

Longitudinal Study of Analgesic Use and Risk of Incident Persistent Tinnitus.

Background: Persistent tinnitus is common, disabling, and difficult to treat. High-dose aspirin may precipitate tinnitus, but longitudinal data on typical dose aspirin and other analgesics are scarce.

Objective: To investigate independent associations of aspirin, NSAIDs, and acetaminophen and risk of incident persistent tinnitus.