PBPK models of the female reproductive tract: current and future analysis.

Introduction: Drug delivery via the female reproductive tract (FRT) has garnered increasing attention due to its potential for local and systemic therapies. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models offer a mechanistic approach to understanding drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) within the FRT, which is critical for optimizing treatments for conditions such as vaginal infections, contraception, and hormonal therapies.

Areas Covered: This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of PBPK modeling for the FRT, focusing on its physiological and anatomical complexities.

Considering personal needs in misdeeds: The role of compassion in shaping observer reactions to leader leniency.

Although punishment deters misconduct, protects employees from harm, and maintains cooperation in organizations, not all leaders punish-some are lenient. Employees keenly watch leaders' responses to misconduct. Leniency is often judged as unfair because it violates moral principles of justice, motivating observers to withhold support to leaders.

pyDarwin machine learning algorithms application and comparison in nonlinear mixed-effect model selection and optimization.

Forward addition/backward elimination (FABE) has been the standard for population pharmacokinetic model selection (PPK) since NONMEM® was introduced. We investigated five machine learning (ML) algorithms (Genetic algorithm [GA], Gaussian process [GP], random forest [RF], gradient boosted random tree [GBRT], and particle swarm optimization [PSO]) as alternatives to FABE. These algorithms were applied to PPK model selection with a focus on comparing the efficiency and robustness of each of them.

The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Sexual Lives of Polish Young Adults.

: The COVID-19 pandemic brought significant changes to daily life in Poland, with restrictions affecting various sectors, including entertainment, education, and travel. The pandemic's impact extended to intimate aspects of life. This study aimed to compare the sexual functioning of young adults in Poland before and during the pandemic, using the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ-14).