Outcomes following resective and disconnective strategies in the treatment of epileptic spasms: a systematic review of the literature and individual patient data meta-analysis.

Epileptic spasms (ES) are a unique seizure type typically presenting in the form of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) with characteristic hypsarrhythmia on scalp EEG and a preponderance with developmental delay or regression. While pharmacotherapy is the mainstay of treatment, surgical options, including disconnective or resective procedures, are increasingly recognized as viable therapeutic options for recurrent or persistent ES. However, limited data on safety, effectiveness, and prognostic factors hinder informed decision-making regarding surgery indications, timing, and intervention type.

Aesthetic results in children with single suture craniosynostosis: proposal for a modified Whitaker classification.

Objective: Aesthetic assessment after surgery for non-syndromic single suture craniosynostosis (SSC) is crucial. Surgeons' evaluation is generally based on Whitaker classification, while parental impression is generally neglected. The aim of this paper is to compare aesthetic perceptions of parents and surgeons after surgery for SSC, expressed by a 10-item questionnaire that complement Whitaker's classification.

Multisensory contribution in visuospatial orientation: an interaction between neck and trunk proprioception.

A coherent perception of spatial orientation is key in maintaining postural control. To achieve this the brain must access sensory inputs encoding both the body and the head position and integrate them with incoming visual information. Here we isolated the contribution of proprioception to verticality perception and further investigated whether changing the body position without moving the head can modulate visual dependence-the extent to which an individual relies on visual cues for spatial orientation.

Nonlinearities of organic electro-optic materials in nanoscale slots and implications for the optimum modulator design.

The performance of highly nonlinear organic electro-optic (EO) materials incorporated into nanoscale slots is examined. It is shown that EO coefficients as large as 190 pm/V can be obtained in 150 nm wide plasmonic slot waveguides but that the coefficients decrease for narrower slots. Possible mechanism that lead to such a decrease are discussed.