[What is to be done in the absence of a superficial venous network compatible with the creation of an arteriovenous shunt?].

When the utilization of a simple arteriovenous fistula is out of the question, or no longer practicable, several alternative solutions have been advocated. Our own experience of surgery rests on 3000 vascular operations on dialysis patients since 1968. The solutions we have come to favour are saphenous vein homografts or heterografts with PTFE.

[Central venous catheters: a temporary access, sometimes temporarily prolonged or even permanent].

Out of the 427 patients regularly attended to at the Centre d'Hémodialyse du Languedoc Méditerranéen, 144 have required at one stage the use of internal jugular vein for hemodialysis. Subclavian or femoral cathethers have been resorted to temporarily pending the re-establishment of a pre-existing vascular access. Jugular catheters have been reserved for lasting utilizations thanks to Carnaud's technique using two catheters.

Allergy in long-term hemodialysis. II. Allergic and atopic patterns of a population of patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis.

Maintenance hemodialysis is widely used throughout the world, and anaphylactic reactions appear to be increasing in number and severity. However, the exact incidence of sensitization and the role of atopy in these reactions are not yet fully understood. All of the 111 patients routinely dialyzed in a center were tested.