A quest for universal anti-SARS-CoV-2 T cell assay: systematic review, meta-analysis, and experimental validation.

Measuring SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses is crucial to understanding an individual's immunity to COVID-19. However, high inter- and intra-assay variability make it difficult to define T cells as a correlate of protection against COVID-19. To address this, we performed systematic review and meta-analysis of 495 datasets from 94 original articles evaluating SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses using three assays - Activation Induced Marker (AIM), Intracellular Cytokine Staining (ICS), and Enzyme-Linked Immunospot (ELISPOT), and defined each assay's quantitative range.

Fangchinoline inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV entry.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, lead to mild to severe respiratory illness and resulted in 6.9 million deaths worldwide. Although vaccines are effective in preventing COVID-19, they may not be sufficient to protect immunocompromised individuals from this respiratory illness.

Emerging Roles of Th9 Cells as an Anti-tumor Helper T Cells.

The newly discovered Th9 cells are the distinct subset of CD4 T helper (Th) cells, which are involved in various pathophysiological conditions of an immune response. In addition to its role in allergic inflammation and elimination of extracellular pathogens, Th9 cells were found to play a key role in inducing anti-tumor immune response. Precisely, the anti-tumor functions of Th9 cells were found to be superior as compared to Th1 and other Th subsets.

A transgenic model of central nervous system autoimmunity mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T and B cells.

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely used model of multiple sclerosis. In NOD mice, EAE develops as a relapsing-remitting disease that transitions to a chronic progressive disease, making the NOD model the only mouse model that recapitulates the full clinical disease course observed in most multiple sclerosis patients. We have generated a TCR transgenic mouse that expresses the α- and β-chains of a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55-reactive TCR (1C6) on the NOD background.