Appropriate Use Criteria for Osteoporotic Compression Fractures.

Background Context: There is a lack of consensus regarding optimal indications for treatment of patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures. An opportunity exists to improve outcomes if these indications can be clarified.

Purpose: The purpose of the North American Spine Society (NASS) Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) was to determine the appropriate (i.

A unified and multi-scale source:Pathway priority index for diffuse pollution management.

Diffuse pollution is a global issue where management, particularly relating to phosphorus (P) transfers from agricultural land to water, needs to consider the magnitude of the source pressure and the connectivity of the hydrological pathway pressure. Combined, these pressures are considered as critical source areas (CSAs) and where mitigation resources should be focused as part of landscape targeting. However, data requirements and lack of a unified method have made this difficult to implement at national scales.

Best practice in high-frequency water quality monitoring for improved management and assessment; a novel decision workflow.

The use of high-frequency water quality monitoring has increased over several decades. This has mostly been motivated by curiosity-driven research and has significantly improved our understanding of hydrochemical processes. Despite these scientific successes and the growth in sensor technology, the large-scale uptake of high-frequency water quality monitoring by water managers is hampered by a lack of comprehensive practical guidelines.

The relative importance of soil moisture deficit, land use intensity and fertiliser spreading regulations for stream water quality in agricultural catchments.

Despite European-wide regulatory controls on fertiliser management that effectively close and open spreading periods, there are still ongoing stream water quality issues in agricultural catchments. Adjustments to these regulations largely relate to application rate and set-back distances from watercourses at the start of the open period to avoid sudden water quality impacts. Within this regulatory framework and using long-term datasets the aim of this study was to investigate the relative importance of Soil Moisture Deficit (SMD), land use intensity and fertiliser spreading regulation effects on stream water quality during the first weeks of the open spreading period.