Heat Inactivation of Host Cell-Derived Enzymes as a Control Strategy for Polysorbate Degradation.

Polysorbate degradation in biotherapeutics formulations is an industry-wide problem and mainly caused by residual host cell-derived enzymes. We present a proof-of-concept study of a control strategy which takes advantage of lower thermal stability of such enzymes relative to therapeutic proteins. We profiled heat sensitivity of host cell-derived enzyme activity with chemical proteomics and observed that PLA2G7 became inactive after brief heating.

Task-oriented Learning in Head and Neck Anatomy Using Virtual, Formalin-preserved, Soft-embalmed, and Plastinated Cadavers.

Background And Objective: The COVID 19 pandemic has changed the way the human anatomy is taught. A necessary shift towards online instruction, combined with a decrease in cadaver donation has resulted in the need for maximizing formalinized, soft-embalmed, computerized, and plastinated cadaver specimens. Task-oriented activities allow students to demonstrate acquired knowledge and skills.

Peripheral Brain Access in Small Group Discussion in Anatomy.

Background And Objective: The pandemic has forced medical education to adopt online and hybrid set-ups, and this has greatly changed the way human anatomy is taught. Course-required knowledge can be accessed using raw references like original publications, collected reviews such as those found in books, as well as in shorter versions like summaries, and in online or electronic applications or software. With readily accessible online physical materials and human resources in anatomy, the value of learning by seeking out verifiable information to answer a real time query may change the current method of teaching and assessment of outcome-based learning in a heavy-recall subject such as human anatomy.

Student Evaluation of a Learning Enhancement in Anatomy Program (LEAP) during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Study.

Background And Objective: The pandemic acted as an accelerator for the development of online teaching formats in anatomy and histology worldwide. The authors introduce a bridging program that reinforces the knowledge and understanding of gross and correlative anatomy and histology acquired in a virtual environment in preparation for its future clinical application. The study aims to evaluate the Learning Enhancement in Anatomy Program (LEAP) conducted among first-year medical students at the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila.

Clinicodemographic and Computed Tomography Scan Findings Associated with Thyroid Gland Invasion among Patients with Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: We aim to determine the association between preoperative CT scan findings of thyroid cartilage invasion, cricoid cartilage invasion, and paraglottic space involvement with tumor extension to the thyroid gland on final histopathology among patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a tertiary hospital in the Philippines.

Methods: Patients with histopathologically-confirmed laryngeal SCC who underwent total laryngectomy with thyroidectomy while admitted at the public ward of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Philippine General Hospital, from January 2013 to December 2019 were included. CT scans were reviewed by 2 blinded independent radiologists.