Tracing Zinc's Role in Preterm Infants' Health: A Narrative Review.

Zinc (Zn) is a trace element involved in numerous physiological processes, including enzyme function, gene transcription, and cell signaling. Its importance is especially pronounced in preterm infants, who are at high risk of Zn deficiency due to disrupted transplacental transfer, high nutrient demands, and medical complications. The inherent risk of Zn deficiency in this population is further increased by poor Zn dietary intake.

Magnesium: A Defense Line to Mitigate Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue.

Magnesium (Mg) is involved in essential cellular and physiological processes. Globally, inadequate consumption of Mg is widespread among populations, especially those who consume processed foods, and its homeostasis is impaired in obese individuals and type 2 diabetes patients. Since Mg deficiency triggers oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, common features of several frequent chronic non-communicable diseases, interest in this mineral is growing in clinical medicine as well as in biomedicine.

Lipids and lipid signaling molecules in human milk and infant formula, a chemical characterization of relevant biochemical components.

Breastfeeding is the gold standard in infant nutrition and continuous researches aim to optimize infant formula composition as the best alternative available. Human milk lipid content provides more than 50% of energy requirements for infants together with essential vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and other bioactive components. While fatty acids and vitamins human milk content has been extensively studied and, when needed those have been added to infant formulas, less is known about polyunsaturated fatty acids functional derivatives and other bioactive components.

Effects of on Cortisol Levels in Stressed Human Subjects: A Systematic Review.

Background: Withania somnifera (WS), a popular medicinal plant of the Solanaceae family, contains active ingredients with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-stress activities. However, its precise mechanisms of action and optimal use as a supplement are not yet fully understood. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the impact of WS supplementation on cortisol levels in stressed humans by analyzing clinical trials conducted prior to May 2023.

Ultrastructural features mirror metabolic derangement in human endothelial cells exposed to high glucose.

High glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction is the early event that initiates diabetes-induced vascular disease. Here we employed Cryo Soft X-ray Tomography to obtain three-dimensional maps of high D-glucose-treated endothelial cells and their controls at nanometric spatial resolution. We then correlated ultrastructural differences with metabolic rewiring.