Comparative safety of conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene versus estrogen/progestin combination hormone therapy among women in the United States: a multidatabase cohort study.

Objective: To assess the risk of select safety outcomes including endometrial cancer, endometrial hyperplasia, and breast cancer among women using conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene (CE/BZA) as compared with estrogen/progestin combination hormone therapy (EP).

Methods: We conducted a new-user cohort study in five US healthcare claims databases representing more than 92 million women. We included CE/BZA or EP new users from May 1, 2014, to August 30, 2019.

The price of COVID-19 risk in a public university.

We study the allocation of and compensation for occupational COVID-19 risk at Auburn University, a large public university in the U.S. In Spring 2021, approximately half of the face-to-face classes had enrollments above the legal capacity allowed by a public health order, which followed CDC's social distancing guidelines.

Evolution of Medieval Gunpowder: Thermodynamic and Combustion Analysis.

Medieval gunpowder recipes of potassium nitrate (KNO), charcoal (C), and sulfur (S) were investigated by bomb calorimetry to determine their enthalpies of combustion and by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine their pre-ignition and propagative ignition enthalpies. Various sample preparation methods and several additional ingredients were also tested to determine any effects on the thermodynamic values. Gunpowder recipes were prepared and used in a replica cannon that was manufactured and operated according to medieval records.

Moving Toward Milestone-Based Assessment in Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine.

Osteopathic medicine is continuing to move toward competency-based education at undergraduate and graduate levels. Competencies and Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) have been implemented to guide educators on the skills and abilities that osteopathic medical students and residents should be able to perform as physicians. Unfortunately, many of these skills have not been well described, and the threshold of "competence" or "entrustability" for each of these tasks remains elusive.

Bias Amplification in Epidemiologic Analysis of Exposure to Mixtures.

Background: The analysis of health effects of exposure to mixtures is a critically important issue in human epidemiology, and increasing effort is being devoted to developing methods for this problem. A key feature of environmental mixtures is that some components can be highly correlated, raising the issues of confounding by coexposure and colinearity. A relatively unexplored topic in epidemiologic analysis of mixtures is the impact of residual confounding bias due to unmeasured or unknown variables.