Establishing Synoptic Cancer Pathology Reporting in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Nicaraguan Experience.

Purpose: Cancer pathology reports have traditionally been narrative with limited reliable information. In high-income countries, synoptic format reporting has gradually been introduced to improve patient care and cancer registry input. We posited that introduction of synoptic style reporting was possible in Nicaragua and could serve as a model for other low- and middle-income countries.

The role of fluorescence in situ hybridization assay for surveillance of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Objective: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of UroVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization assay (FISH) with cystoscopy and urine cytology in the surveillance of patients with documented non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (CIS, pTa and pT1).

Methods: This retrospective study was done on a consecutive series of patients undergoing surveillance for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. The results of FISH were analyzed with concurrent cystoscopy and urine cytology.

Surveillance of patients with bladder carcinoma using fluorescent in-situ hybridization on bladder washings.

Objectives: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of the UroVysion (Abbott Laboratories Inc., Downers Grove, IL, USA) fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) assay to that of urinary cytology obtained from bladder irrigation during cystoscopic surveillance in patients with bladder carcinoma.

Patients And Methods: The medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 41 consecutive patients screened at the authors' institution between August 2000 and December 2006 for recurrence of pathologically confirmed bladder cancer.

Current treatment options for penile fractures.

The diagnosis of "penile fracture" describes the traumatic rupture of the tunica albuginea of an erect penis. Penile fractures typically occur when the engorged penile corpora are forced to buckle and literally "pop" under the pressure of a blunt sexual trauma. Patients typically describe immediate detumescence, severe pain, and swelling as a result of the injury.