Fentanyl and methadone used as adjuncts to bupivacaine for lumbosacral epidural analgesia in sheep.

Six healthy, female, mixed-breed 18-24-month-old sheep weighing 30-48 kg were submitted to lumbosacral epidural bupivacaine in combination with either methadone or fentanyl. Epidural catheters were placed in six sheep that were given three treatments: (Bup) bupivacaine (0.5 mg/kg) alone; (BupMet) bupivacaine (0.

Efficacy of caudal epidural injection of lidocaine, xylazine and xylazine plus hyaluronidase in reducing discomfort produced by electroejaculation in bulls.

To test the hypothesis that epidural administration of lidocaine, xylazine or xylazine plus hyaluronidase provides reduced pain and stress during electroejaculation in bulls, eight 30-month-old Nellore bulls received saline solution (control), 2% lidocaine, 2% xylazine or 2% xylazine plus hyaluronidase injected into the first intercoccygeal (Co1-Co2) epidural space in randomized order. Heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure, analgesia, animal behavior and motor blockade were evaluated before treatment and at predetermined intervals during and after treatment. Pain and stress were scored subjectively, and semen quality was evaluated.

Comparison of analgesic and systemic effects of bupivacaine, methadone, or bupivacaine/methadone administered epidurally in conscious sheep.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the combination of bupivacaine and methadone administered epidurally in sheep.

Methods: Six healthy female mixed-breed sheep weighing 35-46 kg and aged 12-18 months were included. Each sheep was assigned to receive three treatments: 0.

Efficacy of epidural lidocaine combined with tramadol or neostigmine on perineal analgesia in the horse.

Reasons For Performing Study: Short duration of analgesia is among the limitations of a single epidural injection with lidocaine in horses.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of epidural lidocaine in combination with either tramadol or neostigmine for perineal analgesia in horses.

Methods: Epidural catheters were placed in 6 saddle horses that then were given 3 treatments: 2% lidocaine (0.

Efficacy of concurrent epidural administration of neostigmine and lidocaine for perineal analgesia in geldings.

Objective: To evaluate perineal analgesic effects of 3 doses of neostigmine coadministered epidurally with lidocaine to geldings.

Animals: 6 healthy geldings.

Procedures: A few days before each treatment, a catheter was inserted between the first and second coccygeal vertebrae via the caudal approach in each gelding; the catheter tip was threaded approximately 10 cm cranial into the midsacral region.