Ovarian Insufficiency in Adolescent Females with Transfusion-Dependent β-Thalassemia: Pituitary versus Ovarian Iron Overload.

Introduction: Females with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT) display menstrual irregularities and subfertility at certain points in their lives, even if well-chelated, representing a significant physical and psychological burden. Little is known about the effects of pituitary and ovarian iron contents on ovarian reserve and function. Hence, this study aimed to assess ovarian reserve and pituitary-gonadal axis function in adolescent females with TDT and correlate them with pituitary and ovarian volume, pituitary iron load, and serum ferritin.

Assessment of fibroblast growth factor 21 in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in relation to microvascular complications.

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) represents a growing global health problem with significant morbidity. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an adipokine expressed predominantly in the liver that plays an important role in metabolic regulation.

Aim Of The Study: This study assesses FGF21 levels in children with DM1, in comparison to controls, and correlates them with diabetes duration, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and diabetic microvascular complications.

Changes in early optical coherence tomography angiography among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Relation to fibroblast growth factor 21.

Aims: Current diagnostic and treatment modalities target late stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) when retinopathy has already been established. Novel and more sensitive strategies are needed. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) permits non-invasive visualisation of retinal microcirculation.

Cathelicidin as a marker for subclinical cardiac changes and microvascular complications in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Objectives: To detect cathelicidin levels in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) as a potential marker for diabetic vascular complications and to assess its relation to diastolic dysfunction as an index for subclinical macrovasculopathy.

Methods: Totally, 84 patients with T1D were categorized into three groups; newly diagnosed diabetes group (28 patients with a mean age of 12.38 ± 1.

Clinical characteristics and outcome of hospitalized children and adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic: data from a single center surveillance study in Egypt.

Objectives: COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and its acute complications. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes hospitalized during the first wave of the pandemic and the prevalence of new onset diabetes among patients with evidence of COVID-19 infection.

Methods: A single-center surveillance study included all patients with diabetes admitted to Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University, in Egypt between May to August 2020.