The plant pathogen Pectobacterium atrosepticum contains a functional formate hydrogenlyase-2 complex.

Pectobacterium atrosepticum SCRI1043 is a phytopathogenic Gram-negative enterobacterium. Genomic analysis has identified that genes required for both respiration and fermentation are expressed under anaerobic conditions. One set of anaerobically expressed genes is predicted to encode an important but poorly understood membrane-bound enzyme termed formate hydrogenlyase-2 (FHL-2), which has fascinating evolutionary links to the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I).

Big Area Additive Manufacturing of High Performance Bonded NdFeB Magnets.

Additive manufacturing allows for the production of complex parts with minimum material waste, offering an effective technique for fabricating permanent magnets which frequently involve critical rare earth elements. In this report, we demonstrate a novel method - Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) - to fabricate isotropic near-net-shape NdFeB bonded magnets with magnetic and mechanical properties comparable or better than those of traditional injection molded magnets. The starting polymer magnet composite pellets consist of 65 vol% isotropic NdFeB powder and 35 vol% polyamide (Nylon-12).

Preclinical safety testing of DISC-hGMCSF to support phase I clinical trials in cancer patients.

Background: DISC-hGMCSF is a gH-deleted HSV-2 based vector expressing human GM-CSF that is being developed for cancer immunotherapy. To support first clinical use, a range of preclinical safety studies were performed using DISC-hGMCSF in addition to DISC-murine-GMCSF and the backbone vector, TA-HSV.

Methods: The toxicity of the DISC vectors was assessed by repeated dose, neurovirulence and neuroinvasiveness studies in mice, and by safety studies in rabbits, guinea pigs and athymic nude mice.