Above and below ground carbohydrate allocation differs between ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.).

We investigated soluble carbohydrate transport in trees that differed in their phloem loading strategies in order to better understand the transport of photosynthetic products into the roots and the rhizosphere as this knowledge is needed to better understand the respiratory processes in the rhizosphere. We compared beech, which is suggested to use mainly passive loading of transport sugars along a concentration gradient into the phloem, with ash that uses active loading and polymer trapping of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs). We pulse-labeled 20 four-year old European beech and 20 four-year old ash trees with 13CO2 and tracked the fate of the label within different plant compartments.

The role of fibrin sealants in orthopaedic surgery.

Blood conservation, specifically the avoidance of allogeneic blood transfusion, is becoming an important aspect of preoperative planning and intraoperative decision making in orthopaedic surgery. Knee and hip arthroplasty, as well as certain spine procedures, place patients at risk of significant blood loss. Fibrin sealants are topically applied hemostatic agents that reduce the time required to achieve hemostasis as well as the volume of blood loss.

A unique failure mechanism of a constrained total hip arthroplasty: a brief review of the literature.

Constrained acetabular systems are successful in achieving stability in patients with recurrent dislocations, abductor deficiency, or where a source of instability cannot be determined. We report on one patient with 2 dissociations of a tripolar constrained acetabular liner caused by impingement when the patient exceeded the allowed range of motion. The inner liner dissociated from the outer liner, whereas the reinforcing ring remained intact and in place.

Effects of daily precipitation and evapotranspiration patterns on flow and VOC transport to groundwater along a watershed flow path.

MTBE and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are widely observed in shallow groundwater in the United States, especially in urban areas. Previous studies suggest that the atmosphere and/or nonpoint surficial sources could be responsible for some of those VOCs, especially in areas where there is net recharge to groundwater. However, in semiarid locations where annual potential evapotranspiration can exceed annual precipitation, VOC detections in groundwater can be frequent.