Can Contingency Management Solve the Problem of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Drug-Dependent Individuals?

Drug misuse among people living with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is associated with higher mortality. It is a frequently observed reason for treatment abandonment, with people who misuse drugs showing a 10 to 25 times higher risk of HIV than the general population. The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of contingency management (CM) to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV and substance use disorder (SUD).

The Interactions Between Vulnerabilities for HIV and Syphilis among Cisgender and Transgender People Who Use Drugs.

In Brazil, transgender people are most affected by HIV, and crack cocaine addiction may contribute to social vulnerability and exposure to sexual and violence-related risks. This cross-sectional study comprised 2393 individuals seeking addiction treatment, consisting of 43 trans women, 1995 cisgender men, and 355 cisgender women. Records of rapid test results for HIV and syphilis and screening responses of trans women were compared to both cisgender groups using a logistic regression model to identify associated risk factors.

Filling of simulated lateral canals with gutta percha or resilon when using thermomechanical compaction.

Aims: To evaluate the filling of simulated lateral canals with gutta-percha or Resilon when using thermomechanical compaction.

Setting And Design: Forty-five human single-rooted teeth were subjected to tooth decalcification and clearing.

Materials And Methods: After root canal preparation, artificial lateral canals were made at 2, 5, and 8 mm from the working length (WL), corresponding to the apical, middle, and cervical thirds, respectively.

Radiopacity, pH and antimicrobial activity of Portland cement associated with micro- and nanoparticles of zirconium oxide and niobium oxide.

The aim of this study was to evaluate some properties of the calcium silicate materials Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Portland cement (PC) with microparticulated (micro) and nanoparticulated (nano) zirconium oxide (ZrO2) or niobium oxide (Nb2O5). The experimental materials: White PC (PC), MTA-Angelus(®) (MTA), PC+ZrO2micro, PC+ZrO2nano, PC+Nb2O5micro and PC+Nb2O5nano were submitted to radiopacity and pH evaluations. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms was assessed by agar diffusion test.

Microparticulated and nanoparticulated zirconium oxide added to calcium silicate cement: Evaluation of physicochemical and biological properties.

The physicochemical and biological properties of calcium silicate-based cement (CS) associated to microparticulated (micro) or nanoparticulated (nano) zirconium oxide (ZrO2 ) were compared with CS and bismuth oxide (BO) with CS. The pH, release of calcium ions, radiopacity, setting time, and compression strength of the materials were evaluated. The tissue reaction promoted by these materials in the subcutaneous was also investigated by morphological, immunohistochemical, and quantitative analyses.